Breaking Down Amazon's New FBA Capacity Limits

Editor's note: This article has been updated to reflect 2023 holiday capacity limits.

Many sellers rely on Amazon FBA for inventory storage and order fulfillment. Participating in the FBA program comes with many benefits, most notably Prime eligibility for fast shipping.

However, there are also many challenges associated with storing inventory at FBA. Recent fee increases, frustrating restock and storage capacity limits, and time spent waiting for inventory to be received are among the top issues FBA sellers face. Restock limits were challenging for many sellers during the recent holiday season. Keeping hot items on the shelves while balancing restock limits and shipping delays is not easy.

Amazon recently announced a new FBA capacity management system with the goal of giving sellers more control over their FBA inventory capacity. Restock limits and storage limits will be combined into a single monthly metric known as the FBA capacity limit.

According to Amazon’s official announcement, this new system “will give most sellers great capacity limits, provide more predictability and greater control to get more capacity when sellers need it.” Amazon will also allow sellers to offer bids for additional storage capacity. FBA capacity limits went into effect for the US, EU, and UK marketplaces on March 1, 2023. Keep reading to find out how it works.

Meet the New Amazon FBA Capacity Management System

Amazon has streamlined its weekly restock limits into a monthly metric to help give sellers additional lead time for better inventory planning. The previous system relied on two different types of limits (restock limits and storage limits) which were measured differently, often leading to confusion.

The FBA capacity limit simplifies this into a single monthly metric that determines how much inventory you can send to and store at FBA warehouses. Your capacity limits for the upcoming month will be provided in the third full week of each current month in the Capacity Monitor in Seller Central as well as via email. You can find the Capacity Monitor on the Shipping Queue, FBA Dashboard, and Inventory Performance Dashboard pages.

How are FBA Capacity Limits Determined?

Current IPI score
Sales forecasts for your ASINs
Shipment lead time
Amazon fulfillment center capacity
Historical sales volume
Seasonal and peak selling periods for your products
Deals scheduled
New products added to your selection

Capacity limits consider both on-hand inventory in FBA fulfillment centers and shipments you’ve created that haven’t arrived yet. Amazon will also provide you with estimated limits for the following two months to make it easier to plan for a longer time frame. Amazon’s forecasting will include anticipated FBA space and labor availability. The estimates can vary based on how efficiently you’re currently using your FBA capacity, as measured by your IPI score.

Your IPI score is based on four criteria for your FBA inventory: excess inventory rate, sell-through rate, stranded inventory rate, and in-stock inventory.

Amazon will set the capacity limits and measure your inventory usage in cubic feet rather than a number of units. This provides a more accurate estimate of the capacity needed in fulfillment centers and delivery vehicles. However, since many sellers prefer to plan in units, Amazon will also continue to display inventory usage in units along with an estimate of how many units you can store at FBA based on specific cubic volume capacity limits.

Overage fees will apply if your on-hand inventory (not including open shipments) exceeds your FBA capacity limit. The fees are based on how many days your on-hand inventory exceeds your capacity limits, excluding open shipments. These fees are charged monthly at $10 per cubic foot based on the daily average volume of the space your inventory occupies beyond your capacity limits. Overage fees are in place to help prevent excess inventory and shouldn’t impact sellers with healthy inventory levels.

Related Reading: How to Reduce Amazon Excess Inventory

Capacity Manager: Bid for a Higher FBA Storage Limit

The FBA Capacity Manager allows sellers to request more storage capacity. Sellers will specify a reservation fee per cubic foot of additional storage capacity. Amazon will grant these requests starting with the highest reservation fee per cubic foot until all available capacity is allocated. Seller’s reservation fees can be offset by earning performance credits from sales generated using the extra space.

The reservation fee is charged based on your inventory that uses the additional space requested. Rather, it is based on the amount per cubic foot of capacity requested if your request is granted and you generate no sales. With enough sales during the time frame, you can offset up to 100% of the reservation fee.

The goal is to give sellers more control over their FBA capacity while limiting unproductive storage. Amazon has tested this program with a selection of US sellers. Storage limit increases can be requested in monthly increments for future periods in which you already have a capacity limit or estimated capacity limit.

You can request the greater of up to 20% of your initial FBA capacity limit or 2,000 cubic feet. You’ll also set the maximum reservation fee you’re willing to pay for extra capacity.

Amazon will assess current fulfillment center capabilities about twice a week and grant storage limit increases when available. If you receive additional storage space, you’ll earn a $0.15 performance credit for every dollar of sales generated from the extra space. This gives you the opportunity to offset the entire reservation fee if you sell through your additional inventory.

Some sellers have expressed concern over this "pay to play" model, which could negatively impact margins. To avoid losing money, don't bid for additional storage space unless you think you need it.

If you need help with funding, services like Kickfurther can help.

When you fund your Amazon inventory with Kickfurther, it frees up capital so you can bid for higher FBA storage capacity. If your bid is accepted by Amazon, we can provide additional capital to cover 100% of your increased inventory needs.

Kickfurther will fund up to 100% of your Amazon inventory costs on flexible payment terms that you control so you can put your capital on hand to work growing your business without adding debt or giving up equity.

-David Koifman, Vice President of Sales at Kickfurther

FBA Capacity Limits

You can see your capacity limits and current capacity usage in the Capacity Monitor at the bottom of your FBA dashboard in Seller Central. Select a storage type by clicking on the tabs. The chart on the left shows current capacity usage by inventory status as well as your capacity for creating new shipments. The table includes your estimated FBA capacity limits for the next three months.

You’ll have a separate capacity limit for each storage type each month. Amazon classifies each product’s storage type into five different categories:

Standard-size
Oversize
Apparel
Footwear
Extra-large

You can’t adjust the storage type. Capacity limits cannot be exchanged between storage types. Note that capacity limits for FBA Dangerous Goods are handled separately. If you use MCF, those orders are included in your past and forecasted sales data, which is one of the metrics used to determine your capacity limits. Customer returns are added back into your capacity usage when the returns are received.

Individual selling accounts are limited to 15 cubic feet of FBA capacity. This limit is not eligible to be increased.

New professional selling accounts that have been active with FBA for less than 39 weeks won’t receive capacity limits. This allows new sellers to establish an FBA sales record without limits so Amazon can determine how much space is needed as the businesses grow.

Professional selling accounts that have been active with FBA for more than 39 weeks will receive FBA capacity limits based on IPI score and sales performance. If you consistently have a higher IPI score, you’ll receive higher capacity limits based on sales volume and availability.

Amazon explains the process with this example:

For example, on February 15, we’ll confirm your capacity limit for March 1 through 31, reaffirm or adjust your limit for April 1 through 30, and estimate your limit for May 1 through 31. Estimated capacity limits might increase if your sales and inventory performance exceed our forecast, or decrease if there’s greater demand for capacity than expected. Any changes to estimated capacity limits will be reported in Capacity Monitor.

Amazon determines your total FBA capacity as the sum of the estimated capacity limit you receive as well as any additional capacity you request and receive from the Capacity Manager. If your increase request is granted and Amazon later reduces your estimated capacity limits, the capacity you received through Capacity Manager won’t change. If your estimated limits increase, Amazon will decrease the additional capacity you requested or cancel the request if the increase exceeds your request.

Learn more about the FBA Capacity Manager in this interview with Seamus Browne, Principal Product Manager at Amazon, and Colleen Quattlebaum, Director of Marketing at eComEngine. Discover why capacity limits are set, how to improve inventory management, ways to request additional capacity, and what you need to do to maintain a strong IPI score.

Exceeding FBA Capacity

Maintaining healthy inventory levels is critical. If you exceed your capacity limits, Amazon won't allow you to create shipments to FBA. You’ll be blocked from creating shipments if your on-hand inventory and shipments on the way to fulfillment centers exceed your capacity limit. You’ll also be unable to create shipments if you are below your capacity limit but the number of units you’re attempting to ship would cause you to exceed your capacity limit.

Overage fees will be charged if on-hand inventory in fulfillment centers exceeds your capacity limit. This does not include open shipments. These fees are changed on the inventory that is held above your limit.

Seasonality

Many sellers with seasonal items that have peaks and valleys are wondering how FBA capacity limits will impact them. In a Seller Forums Q&A, Amazon stated, "Your capacity limit is influenced by your sales performance, including historical sales volume, while also factoring in seasonal and peak selling periods of your products. As sales peaks and valleys come into horizon, your capacity limit will respond proactively to account for changes in your sales performance."

If you find yourself needing additional capacity, you can request more storage space through the Capacity Manager in Seller Central.

In September 2023, Amazon reminded sellers that FBA shipments should arrive at fulfillment centers by October 26, 2023, in order to be received and ready to fulfill by Black Friday. Fulfillment centers focus on receiving processes throughout September and October. In November and December, they'll switch to focus on processing customer orders to ensure faster delivery during the holiday season.

Due to the way Amazon manages fulfillment center operations during the holiday season, most sellers can expect to see higher estimated capacity limits for October and lower estimated limits for November. If you need additional capacity, use Capacity Manager to request to increase your limit. You can also use Amazon Warehousing and Distribution to automatically replenish at fulfillment centers as needed.

Maximize Your FBA Capacity

Amazon has several recommendations to help you make the most of your FBA storage capacity. Cancel any open shipments you’re not planning to send, as those count towards your total capacity usage. You can view or cancel a shipment in the Shipping Queue. Remove inventory that isn’t selling. You can have removed inventory returned to you, have Amazon donate it on your behalf, or try to recoup some cash through FBA Liquidations. You can also set up automatic removal orders for aging items or unsellable units.

Improving your FBA inventory sell-through rate is the fastest way to free up capacity for new products. It also helps increase your IPI score. Discounts, ads, and product page updates can all help you increase sales on Amazon. Getting more reviews is another great strategy since reviews impact buyer sentiment as well as your Amazon search rankings.

Related Reading: How to Use Amazon Coupons: A Seller's Guide